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evaluation of an improved biomass-fired cogeneration system simultaneously using extraction steam, coolingwater, and feedwater for heating

《能源前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 321-335 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0741-4

摘要: An advanced cogeneration system based on biomass direct combustion was developed and its feasibility was demonstrated. In place of the traditional single heat source (extraction steam), the extraction steam from the turbine, the cooling water from the plant condenser, and the low-pressure feedwater from the feedwater preheating system were collectively used for producing district heat in the new scheme. Hence, a remarkable energy-saving effect could be achieved, improving the overall efficiency of the cogeneration system. The thermodynamic and economic performance of the novel system was examined when taking a 35 MW biomass-fired cogeneration unit for case study. Once the biomass feed rate and net thermal production remain constant, an increment of 1.36 MW can be expected in the net electric production, because of the recommended upgrading. Consequently, the total system efficiency and effective electrical efficiency augmented by 1.23 and 1.50 percentage points. The inherent mechanism of performance enhancement was investigated from the energy and exergy aspects. The economic study indicates that the dynamic payback period of the retrofitting project is merely 1.20 years, with a net present value of 5796.0 k$. In conclusion, the proposed concept is validated to be advantageous and profitable.

关键词: biomass-fired cogeneration     district heat production system     absorption heat pump     extraction steam     cooling water     low-pressure feedwater    

Experimental study of the effects of structured surface geometry on water spray cooling performance in

Minghou LIU, Yaqing WANG, Dong LIU, Kan XU, Yiliang CHEN

《能源前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 75-82 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0014-0

摘要: Experiments were conducted to study the effects of enhanced surfaces on heat transfer performance during water spray cooling in non-boiling regime. The surface enhancement is straight fin. The structures were machined on the top surface of heated copper blocks with a cross-sectional area of 10 mm×10 mm. The spray was performed using Unijet full cone nozzles with a volumetric flux of 0.044–0.053 m /(m ·s) and a nozzle height of 17 mm. It is found that the heat transfer is obviously enhanced for straight fin surfaces relative to the flat surface. However, the increment decreases as the fin height increases. For flat surface and enhanced surfaces with a fin height of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, as the coolant flux increases, the heat flux increases as well. However, for finned surface with a height of 0.4 mm, the heat flux is not sensitive to the coolant volumetric flux. Changed film thickness and the form of water/surface interaction due to an enhanced surface structure (different fin height) are the main reasons for changing of the local heat transfer coefficient.

关键词: spray cooling     finned surface     heat transfer    

A thermoelectric generator and water-cooling assisted high conversion efficiency polycrystalline silicon

Zekun LIU, Shuang YUAN, Yi YUAN, Guojian LI, Qiang WANG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 358-366 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0712-1

摘要: Solar energy has been increasing its share in the global energy structure. However, the thermal radiation brought by sunlight will attenuate the efficiency of solar cells. To reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) cell and improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy, a hybrid system composed of the PV cell, a thermoelectric generator (TEG), and a water-cooled plate (WCP) was manufactured. The WCP cannot only cool the PV cell, but also effectively generate additional electric energy with the TEG using the waste heat of the PV cell. The changes in the efficiency and power density of the hybrid system were obtained by real time monitoring. The thermal and electrical tests were performed at different irradiations and the same experiment temperature of 22°C. At a light intensity of 1000 W/m , the steady-state temperature of the PV cell decreases from 86.8°C to 54.1°C, and the overall efficiency increases from 15.6% to 21.1%. At a light intensity of 800 W/m , the steady-state temperature of the PV cell decreases from 70°C to 45.8°C, and the overall efficiency increases from 9.28% to 12.59%. At a light intensity of 400 W/m , the steady-state temperature of the PV cell decreases from 38.5°C to 31.5°C, and the overall efficiency is approximately 3.8%, basically remain unchanged.

关键词: photovoltaic (PV)     thermoelectric generator     conversion efficiency     hybrid energy systems     water-cooled plate (WCP)    

Preparation and application of a phosphorous free and non-nitrogen scale inhibitor in industrial coolingwater systems

Guangqing LIU,Mengwei XUE,Jingyi HUANG,Huchuan WANG,Yuming ZHOU,Qingzhao YAO,Lei LING,Ke CAO,Yahui LIU,Yunyun BU,Yiyi CHEN,Wendao WU,Wei SUN

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 545-553 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0657-x

摘要: A novel environmentally friendly type of calcium carbonate, zinc (II) and iron (III) scale inhibitor Acrylic acid- allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer (AA-APEL) was synthesized. The anti-scale property of the AA-APEL toward CaCO , zinc (II) and iron (III) in the artificial cooling water was studied through static scale inhibition tests. The observation shows that both calcium carbonate, zinc (II) and iron (III) inhibition increase with increasing the dosage of AA-APEL. The effect on formation of CaCO was investigated with combination of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and fourier transform infrared spectrometer, respectively. The results showed that the AA-APEL copolymer not only influenced calcium carbonate crystal morphology and crystal size but also the crystallinity. The crystallization of CaCO in the absence of inhibitor was rhombohedral calcite crystal, whereas a mixture of calcite with vaterite crystals was found in the presence of the AA-APEL copolymer. Inhibition mechanism is proposed that the interactions between calcium or iron ions and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are the fundamental impetus to restrain the formation of the scale in cooling water systems.

关键词: phosphorous free     calcium carbonate     stabilize zinc (II)     disperse iron (III)     cooling water    

Revolutionizing heat transport enhancement with liquid metals: Proposal of a new industry of water-free

Haiyan LI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 20-42 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0139-9

摘要: Water is perhaps the most widely adopted working fluid in conventional industrial heat transport engineering. However, it may no longer be the best option today due to the increasing scarcity of water resources. Furthermore, the wide variations in water supply throughout the year and across different geographic regions also makes it harder to easily access. To address this issue, finding new alternatives to replace water-based technologies is imperative. In this paper, the concept of a water-free heat exchanger is proposed and comprehensively analyzed for the first time. The liquid metal with a low melting point is identified as an ideal fluid that can flexibly be used within a wide range of working temperatures. Some liquid metals and their alloys, which have previously received little attention in thermal management areas, are evaluated. With superior thermal conductivity, electromagnetic field drivability, and extremely low power consumption, liquid metal coolants promise many opportunities for revolutionizing modern heat transport processes: serving as heat transport fluid in industries, administrating thermal management in power and energy systems, and innovating enhanced cooling in electronic or optical devices. Furthermore, comparative analyses are conducted to understand the technical barriers encountered by advanced water-based heat transfer strategies and clarify this new frontier in heat-transport study. In addition, the unique merits of liquid metals that could lead to innovative heat exchanger technologies are evaluated comprehensively. A few promising industrial situations, such as heat recovery, chip cooling, thermoelectricity generation, and military applications, where liquid metals could play irreplaceable roles, were outlined. The technical challenges and scientific issues thus raised are summarized. With their evident ability to meet various critical requirements in modern advanced energy and power industries, liquid metal-enabled technologies are expected to usher a new and global era of water-free heat exchangers.

关键词: heat exchanger     liquid metal     water resource     heat transport enhancement     coolant     thermal management     process engineering     energy crisis     chip cooling    

sulfate reducing bacteria biofilm properties adsorbed on stainless steel 316L surface in circulating coolingwater system

Yu Qi,Jin Li,Rui Liang,Sitong Ji,Jianxiang Li,Meng Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0917-7

摘要: There are more polysaccharides than proteins in EPS on SS316L surface. NaClO cuts down more protein, while 1227 reduced more polysaccharides in EPS. HEDP slightly eased the corrosion, NaClO and 1227 inhibited the microbial corrosion. NaClO still performed pitting corrosion properties to some extent. 1227 changed the C:O and NaClO decreased the amidogen in SS316L surface film. This paper studied the biofilm properties and corrosion behavior of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) on stainless steel 316L (SS316L) surface in circulating cooling water system with and without additives including hydroxy ethyl fork phosphonic acid (HEDP), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlotide (1227) and NaClO. Biochemical technique, electrochemical technology, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used. The results show that the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in biofilm attached on the SS316L surface mainly contain proteins and polysaccharides, the contents are 98 ug·cm and 635ug·cm , respectively. The polysaccharides were cut by 1227 about 80%, while 55% by NaClO. The proteins were reduced by NaClO about 53%, while only 30% by 1227. The potentiodynamic polarization shows that the corrosion potential of SS316L was enhanced from −0.495 V to −0.390 V by the chemical additives, delaying the occurrence of the corrosion. And the corrosion rate was also reduced from 5.19 × 10 mm·a to 2.42 × 10 mm·a . But NaClO still caused pitting corrosion after sterilizing the bacteria, while 1227 can form a protective film on the surface of SS316L. Though HEDP contribute to the bacteria activity, it can enhance the breakdown potential. XPS results confirmed that 1227 can change the value of C:O in the biofilm attached on metal surface, and NaClO can eliminate the existence of amidogen. This study would provide some recommendations for the selection of chemical additives in the thermal power plant.

关键词: Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB)     Chemical additives     Biofilm     Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)     Microbe Corrosion    

Thermodynamic performance experiment and cooling number calculation of a counter-flow spray humidifier

WANG Yuzhang, LI Yixing, WENG Shilie, WANG Yonghong

《能源前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 43-47 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0005-6

摘要: An experimental investigation of the thermodynamic performance of a counter-flow spray humidifier was conducted on the basis of theoretical analysis of the heat and mass transfer mechanism inside the humidifier. Critical parameters such as the temperature and relative humidity of air and the temperature of water at the inlet and outlet were measured. The influence of every measured parameter on the thermal performance of the humidifier was obtained under different experimental conditions. The cooling number, whose variation was also obtained, was calculated according to the measured data. The experimental results show that both the temperature and the temperature increment of outlet humid air and the temperature of outlet water increase with an increase of the water-gas ratio, whereas the cooling number decreases. Under all experimental conditions, the outlet humid air reaches or is close to the saturation level. The lower cooling number is favorable for the system, but it has an optimal value for a certain humidifier.

关键词: temperature increment     counter-flow     experimental investigation     temperature     water-gas    

A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system for domestic air conditioning and water heating by the

Y. YU, Q. W. PAN, L. W. WANG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 328-336 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0623-1

摘要: A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system with modular adsorber, which utilizes solar energy to achieve the cogeneration of domestic air conditioning and water heating effect, is proposed and investigated in this paper. A heat recovery process between two adsorbers and a mass recovery process between two evaporators are adopted to improve the overall cooling and heating performance. First, the adsorption system is tested under different modes (different mass recovery, heat recovery, and cogeneration time) to determine the optimal operating conditions. Then, the cogeneration performance of domestic cooling and water heating effect is studied at different heat transfer fluid temperatures. The results show that the optimal time for cogeneration, mass recovery, and heat recovery are 600 s, 40 s, and 40 s, respectively. When the inlet temperature of hot water is around 85°C, the largest cooling power and heating power are 8.25 kW and 21.94 kW, respectively. Under the condition of cooling water temperature of 35°C, the obtained maximum COP , COP , and SCP of the system are 0.59, 1.39, and 184.5 W/kg, respectively.

关键词: silica gel-water     heat and mass recovery     solar energy     domestic cooling and heating    

Three-dimensional electromagnetic analysis and design of permanent magnet retarder

Lezhi YE, Desheng LI, Bingfeng JIAO

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第5卷 第4期   页码 438-441 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0111-0

摘要: An eddy current retarder for vehicles generates much heat when it works continuously, which leads to serious decline in braking torque. This paper proposes a novel permanent magnet retarder (PMR) for vehicles, whose cooling system connects with engine cooling-water. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to model the electromagnetic behavior of a permanent magnet retarder under a constant speed. The magnetic field and eddy current field in PMR are numerically solved by a finite element method. By accounting for the nonlinear permeability of the rotor and the weakened effect in the magnetic field that is generated by the eddy current magnetic field, the calculation accuracy of air-gap magnetic field is enhanced. Experiment shows that the temperature of the retarder is less than 150°C, and the braking torque keeps the hard characteristics curve. The calculated air-gap magnetic flux density is fairly good agreement with the measured one.

关键词: auxiliary brake     permanent magnet retarder     water-cooling     finite element method    

Study on forced air convection cooling for electronic assemblies

LI Bin, TAO Wenquan, HE Yaling

《能源前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 158-163 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0009-2

摘要: The slotted fin concept was employed to improve the air cooling performance of plate-fin in heat sinks. Numerical simulations of laminar heat transfer and flow pressure drop were conducted for the integral plate fin, discrete plate fin and discrete slotted fin heat sinks. It is found that the performance of the discrete plate fin is better than that of the integral continuum plate fin and the performance of slotted fin is better than that of the discrete plate fin at the same pumping power of the fan. A new type of heat sink characterized by discrete and slotted fin surfaces with thinner fins and smaller spaces between fins is then proposed. Preliminary computation shows that this type of heat sink may be useful for the next generation of higher thermal load CPUs. The limit of cooling capacity for air-cooling techniques was also addressed.

关键词: concept     slotted     air-cooling     Preliminary computation     generation    

Energy efficiency of small buildings with smart cooling system in the summer

Yazdan DANESHVAR, Majid SABZEHPARVAR, Seyed Amir Hossein HASHEMI

《能源前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 651-660 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0699-7

摘要: In this paper, a novel cooling control strategy as part of the smart energy system that can balance thermal comfort against building energy consumption by using the sensing and machine programming technology was investigated. For this goal, a general form of a building was coupled by the smart cooling system (SCS) and the consumption of energy with thermal comfort cooling of persons simulated by using the EnergyPlus software and compared with similar buildings without SCS. At the beginning of the research, using the data from a survey in a randomly selected group of hundreds and by analyzing and verifying the results of the specific relationship between the different groups of people in the statistical society, the body mass index (BMI) and their thermal comfort temperature were obtained, and the sample building was modeled using the EnergyPlus software. The result show that if an intelligent ventilation system that can calculate the thermal comfort temperature was used in accordance with the BMI of persons, it can save up to 35% of the cooling load of the building yearly.

关键词: smart home     heating and cooling systems     saving energy     optimal consumption of energy    

面向异构集成应用的“片上”嵌入式冷却技术的研究进展 Review

Srikanth Rangarajan, Scott Schiffres, Bahgat Sammakia

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第26卷 第7期   页码 185-197 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.019

摘要:

The electronics packaging community strongly believes that Moore’s law will continue for another few years due to recent technological efforts to build heterogeneously integrated packages. Heterogeneous integration (HI) can be at the chip level (a single chip with multiple hotspots), in multi-chip modules, or in vertically stacked three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits. Flux values have increased exponentially with a simultaneous reduction in chip size and a significant increase in performance, leading to increased heat dissipation. The electronics industry and the academic research community have examined various solutions to tackle skyrocketing thermal-management challenges. Embedded cooling eliminates most sequential conduction resistance from the chip to the ambient, unlike separable cold plates/heat sinks. Although embedding the cooling solution onto an electronic chip results in a high heat transfer potential, technological risks and complexity are still associated with the implementation of these technologies and with uncertainty regarding which technologies will be adopted. This manuscript discusses recent advances in embedded cooling, fluid selection considerations, and conventional, immersion, and additive manufacturing-based embedded cooling technologies.

关键词: 电子冷却     嵌入式冷却     浸入式冷却    

冷热电联产系统中气冷式微型透平机的发电耗水、空气污染物排放及成本影响:亚特兰大地区案例研究 Article

Jean-Ann James, Valerie M. Thomas, Arka Pandit, Duo Li, John C. Crittenden

《工程(英文)》 2016年 第2卷 第4期   页码 470-480 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.008

摘要:

城市化进程的加快意味着城市和国际组织需要去寻找各种能够提高能源效率和减少空气中污染物排放的方法。冷热电联产(CCHP) 系统可以同时供暖、制冷和发电,具有提高城市或城市区域能源发电效率的潜力。本研究的目的是在满足建筑热需求(供热和制冷) 的各种运行条件下,对亚特兰大大都市区内的五种常见建筑类型在采用CCHP 系统时的发电耗水、CO2 和NOx 排放,及其经济性进行评价。对于大多数采用或不采用净计量策略的建筑类型来说,以满足每小时热需求去运行CCHP 系统均可减少CO2 的排放量。该系统能否对这些建筑类型产生经济效益,主要取决于天然气的价格、净计量策略的采用和假定的CCHP 系统的成本结构。当建筑物采用净计量策略并且CCHP 系统是以满足建筑物每年的最大热需求而运行时,CCHP 系统的发电耗水量和NOx 的排放量均有最大限度的减少,尽管此时该运行情景会增加温室气体排放和发电成本。CCHP 系统对中型办公楼、大型办公楼和多户型住宅建筑更经济、实用。

关键词: 冷热电联产(CCHP)     气冷式微型透平机     分布式能源发电     发电耗水     净计量    

A concept of capillary active, dynamic insulation integrated with heating, cooling and ventilation, air

Mark BOMBERG

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 431-437 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0071-9

摘要: When a historic fa?ade needs to be preserved or when the seismic considerations favor use of a concrete wall system and fire considerations limit exterior thermal insulation, one needs to use interior thermal insulation systems. Interior thermal insulation systems are less effective than the exterior systems and will not reduce the effect of thermal bridges. Yet they may be successfully used and, in many instances, are recommended as a complement to the exterior insulation. This paper presents one of these cases. It is focused on the most successful applications of capillary active, dynamic interior thermal insulation. This happens when such insulation is integrated with heating, cooling and ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) system. Starting with a pioneering work of the Technical University in Dresden in development of capillary active interior insulations, we propose a next generation, namely, a bio-fiber thermal insulation. When completing the review, this paper proposes a concept of a joint research project to be undertaken by partners from the US (where improvement of indoor climate in exposed coastal areas is needed), China (indoor climate in non-air conditioned concrete buildings is an issue), and Germany (where the bio-fiber technology has been developed).

关键词: capillary active insulation     integrated heating     cooling and ventilation     air conditioning (HVAC) and building enclosure     dynamic insulation     switchable thermal resistance     variable U-value walls    

A comprehensive energy solution for households employing a micro combined cooling, heating and power

Huayi ZHANG, Can ZHANG, Fushuan WEN, Yan XU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 582-590 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0592-9

摘要:

In recent years, micro combined cooling, heating and power generation (mCCHP) systems have attracted much attention in the energy demand side sector. The input energy of a mCCHP system is natural gas, while the outputs include heating, cooling and electricity energy. The mCCHP system is deemed as a possible solution for households with multiple energy demands. Given this background, a mCCHP based comprehensive energy solution for households is proposed in this paper. First, the mathematical model of a home energy hub (HEH) is presented to describe the inputs, outputs, conversion and consumption process of multiple energies in households. Then, electrical loads and thermal demands are classified and modeled in detail, and the coordination and complementation between electricity and natural gas are studied. Afterwards, the concept of thermal comfort is introduced and a robust optimization model for HEH is developed considering electricity price uncertainties. Finally, a household using a mCCHP as the energy conversion device is studied. The simulation results show that the comprehensive energy solution proposed in this work can realize multiple kinds of energy supplies for households with the minimized total energy cost.

关键词: energy hub     micro combined cooling     heating and power generation (mCCHP)     thermal comfort     robust optimization    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

evaluation of an improved biomass-fired cogeneration system simultaneously using extraction steam, coolingwater, and feedwater for heating

期刊论文

Experimental study of the effects of structured surface geometry on water spray cooling performance in

Minghou LIU, Yaqing WANG, Dong LIU, Kan XU, Yiliang CHEN

期刊论文

A thermoelectric generator and water-cooling assisted high conversion efficiency polycrystalline silicon

Zekun LIU, Shuang YUAN, Yi YUAN, Guojian LI, Qiang WANG

期刊论文

Preparation and application of a phosphorous free and non-nitrogen scale inhibitor in industrial coolingwater systems

Guangqing LIU,Mengwei XUE,Jingyi HUANG,Huchuan WANG,Yuming ZHOU,Qingzhao YAO,Lei LING,Ke CAO,Yahui LIU,Yunyun BU,Yiyi CHEN,Wendao WU,Wei SUN

期刊论文

Revolutionizing heat transport enhancement with liquid metals: Proposal of a new industry of water-free

Haiyan LI, Jing LIU

期刊论文

sulfate reducing bacteria biofilm properties adsorbed on stainless steel 316L surface in circulating coolingwater system

Yu Qi,Jin Li,Rui Liang,Sitong Ji,Jianxiang Li,Meng Liu

期刊论文

Thermodynamic performance experiment and cooling number calculation of a counter-flow spray humidifier

WANG Yuzhang, LI Yixing, WENG Shilie, WANG Yonghong

期刊论文

A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system for domestic air conditioning and water heating by the

Y. YU, Q. W. PAN, L. W. WANG

期刊论文

Three-dimensional electromagnetic analysis and design of permanent magnet retarder

Lezhi YE, Desheng LI, Bingfeng JIAO

期刊论文

Study on forced air convection cooling for electronic assemblies

LI Bin, TAO Wenquan, HE Yaling

期刊论文

Energy efficiency of small buildings with smart cooling system in the summer

Yazdan DANESHVAR, Majid SABZEHPARVAR, Seyed Amir Hossein HASHEMI

期刊论文

面向异构集成应用的“片上”嵌入式冷却技术的研究进展

Srikanth Rangarajan, Scott Schiffres, Bahgat Sammakia

期刊论文

冷热电联产系统中气冷式微型透平机的发电耗水、空气污染物排放及成本影响:亚特兰大地区案例研究

Jean-Ann James, Valerie M. Thomas, Arka Pandit, Duo Li, John C. Crittenden

期刊论文

A concept of capillary active, dynamic insulation integrated with heating, cooling and ventilation, air

Mark BOMBERG

期刊论文

A comprehensive energy solution for households employing a micro combined cooling, heating and power

Huayi ZHANG, Can ZHANG, Fushuan WEN, Yan XU

期刊论文